| 631 |
1.50 |
42х30 |
Medicine. An important area of human activity aimed at health protection. The medical technique of the 20th century combines the healing and prophylaxis methods developed over many centuries and specialised equipment and technical devices created using the cutting edge technologies. The stamp illustrates the healing techniques (a surgery in the left picture) and samples of medical equipment used in modern clinics (in the right picture).multicolor |
1.50 |
0.45 |
| 632 |
1.50 |
42х30 |
Construction. An industry dealing with erection of various buildings. The 20th century saw a wide-scale urban, rural, and industrial construction. New types of constructions were developed, the engineering reached the state-of-the-art level, and new materials were introduced. The stamp features, as a symbol of innovation, the building of the Rusakov Club in Moscow (1927-1929, by K.S.Melnikov). In the background there are: a hyperboloid metallic tower 148.3 m high in Moscow (1927, by B.G.Shukhov), known as The Shukhov's Tower; a 26-floor administrative building in Smolenskaya Square in Moscow, one of the seven sky-scrapers built in 1950s which gave the capital a new outline; and a construction site. In the background there are views of modern housing construction.multicolor |
1.50 |
0.45 |
| 633 |
2.00 |
42х30 |
Auto transportation. An industry dealing with passenger and cargo transportation using automated vehicles. The 20th century saw the auto transport boom, as there was greater demand for transportation. The first domestic lorries were produced in the AMO plant in 1924. In 1936 Moscow plants began mass production of cars, lorries, buses, and trolleybuses. The auto transportation was given a new impetus when automotive plants were created in other cities. The stamp features a Kamaz lorry (produced at the Kamsky auto plant in 1970s), a symbol of the cargo transport in Russia. In the upper left part of the stamp there is a passenger trolleybus, the most popular mode of urban transport (MTB-82D model, produced at the Tushinsky plant in Moscow in 1947-1950). In the right part of the stamp there is a GAZ-21 Volga car (first produced in 1956 at Gorkovsky plant).multicolor |
2.00 |
0.45 |
| 634 |
2.00 |
42х30 |
Power Engineering. An industry dealing with production, transformation, transportation, and utilisation of all kinds of energy. In 1960s the USSR boasted significant achievements in production of steam and hydraulic turbines, steam generators and tourbogenerators. In 1997 the United Energy System (UES) was created in the USSR. In the upper left corner of the stamp there is a weir of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydraulic power station, the world's largest power station on the Yenisei river, with the total power output of 6.4 m kilowatt (construction started in 1963, finished in 1978). In the lower left corner there is a 1200 megawatt turbo generator of the Kostromskaya HPS (finished in 1980). In the lower right corner there is the central control panel of the Central Controlling Dept. of the UES (1977). In the upper right corner there is a pylon of the energy lines which bring power to consumers in eight time zones of the country.multicolor |
2.00 |
0.50 |
| 635 |
2.00 |
42х30 |
Communications. An industry dealing with information exchange, which plays an important role in economy, management, and culture. The early 20th century saw a rapid growth of electrical means of communication, i.e. by telegraph, telephone, radio, and currently by fax and video phoning. The progress is due to creation of space communication systems, which facilitate communication via artificial satellites. The stamp features a parabolic dish antenna and "Molnia-1" satellite. The signals from the satellite are received by the dish and then are distributed by ground communications lines. The stamp also features the TV equipment, KVN-49 and Rubin TV sets (one of the first TV sets ever made); disc and digital phones. In the right part of the stamp there is the Ostankino Teletower.multicolor |
2.00 |
0.50 |
| 636 |
3.00 |
42х30 |
Space Technical Equipment. An industry dealing with automated and piloted devices used for work in space, i.e. satellites, space stations, shuttles, and ground facilities. The first satellite IZS-1 was launched in the USSR in 1957. The first manned space flight took place on 12 April 1961, with Yury Gagarin, the first cosmonaut, flying on Vostok spacecraft. The stamp features the space station Salut-7 (launched on 19 April 1982) which was docked with Soyuz spacecraft. In the right part of the stamp features Proton carrier rocket (designed in 1962, the rocket launched the Proton satellite in 1965 and was named after it). Proton is the transportation basis of the Federal Space Programme of Russia. In the middle of the stamp there is a multi-purpose space station MIR (weight c.150 tons), a space station of the third generation, launched on 20 February 1986. Having a 5 year warranty, it served for more than 14 years and welcomed more than 28 crews.multicolor |
3.00 |
0.50 |
| 637 |
3.00 |
42х30 |
Aviation. Theory and practice of flying on devices which are heavier than air; flying machines and maintenance equipment. The lower part of the stamp features "Ilya Muromets", a four-motor biplane designed and built by I.I.Sikorsky, which became a symbol of the industry in Russia. The biplane could carry up to 8 people and 800 kilos of cargo. In 1914 it became the first plane ever to fly as far as from Petrograd to Kiev. The first full-metal planes were designed by A.N.Tupolev in 1924-1925. The 1930s saw the transition to monoplanes, and the first jets were created in late 1930, with supersonic aircraft coming into being in early 1950s. The stamp features a TU-105 plane (1955, designed by A.N.Tupolev), which was the most widely used passenger plane in late 20th century. In the upper part of the stamp there are SU-27 and Mig-29 pursuit planes (built by P.O.Sukhoi and A.I.Mikoyan, respectively).multicolor |
3.00 |
0.60 |
| 638 |
3.00 |
42х30 |
Railtrack. A mode of transport dealing with transportation of passengers and cargo on railtracks. The modern rail transport emerged as a result of 100 years evolution. The rail network, its placement, the volume of transportation, the level of the coach fleet are important indices of a country's economy. Up to mid-1940s steam engines were used. Later electrical and diesel engines were widely used. Currently Russia's railtrack is equipped with the most powerful engines. The stamp features: a cargo electric locomotive VL-80 (left); a passenger diesel locomotive TEP-75 (right); a cargo train with a FD locomotive (1940s) on a two-tier bridge over Volga near Nizhniy Novgorod (above).multicolor |
3.00 |
0.60 |
| 639 |
3.00 |
42х30 |
Sea Transport. Transportation on seas. Sea vessels are divided into passenger ships, dry cargo ships, tankers, and facilities ships. Modern vessels are complex engineering constructions equipped with hi-tech navigation devices. Ice-boats are a separate group, they are used for navigation is ice seas. In the lower left corner of the stamp there is Svyatogor ice-boat built in 1917 (name changed to Krasin in 1927). In 1928 the ice-boat took part in a rescue mission to save Nobile's expedition, it also lead ship caravans in Arctic areas in 1941-1945, and was widely used until 1972. In the right part of the stamp there is Arctika, a nuclear ice-boat built in 1975 (148 m long, 23.4 thousand tons displacement, engine of 55 megawatt). In 1977 navigation season it reached the North Pole. In the upper left corner of the stamp there is a modern dry cargo long-distance ship.multicolor |
3.00 |
0.60 |
| 640 |
4.00 |
42х30 |
Metallurgy. The most ancient industry dealing with production of metal from ore, alloys, rolling metal, etc. Metallurgy includes ferrous (production of cast iron and steel) and non-ferrous metallurgy (production of copper, aluminium, and other metals and alloys). Metallurgy was given a new impetus in the second half of the 20th century, when larger melting furnaces and new oxygen converters appeared, together with non-stop steel casting and construction of large rolling equipment. Blast-furnace production was also developed further. The stamp features typical metallurgical processes: blast-furnace production of cast iron; a roll-mill. In the upper part of the stamp there is a casting ladle.multicolor |
4.00 |
0.80 |
| 641 |
4.00 |
42х30 |
Oil Industry. An industry dealing with production of oil products (fuel, lubricants, solvents, road cover, etc) from crude oil. The stamp features the "Ipatyev's Bomb" (1900), an experimental device for studying chemical reactions under 500 atm pressure, the prototype of modern autoclaves. In the USSR oil industry grew rapidly in 1930-1940s. In 1949 the world's first joint production of phenol and acetone was established. Growing demand for petrol, kerosene, black oil, and diesel triggered establishment of oil refineries in many regions of the country. In the right part of the stamp there is a reforming device of a modern refinery, and a petrol station.multicolor |
4.00 |
0.80 |
| 642 |
4.00 |
42х30 |
Extraction industry. An industry dealing with extraction of natural resources. Minerals are extracted in pits and open-cast mines. Drilling allows extracting liquid resources, such as natural gas. The work requires drilling, excavating, and transport facilities, mining combines and drags. The most important stages of development of domestic extracting industry are: development of nickel fields near Norilsk on the Taimyr peninsula (launched in 1936); development of northern oil and gas fields (drilling on the Berezovskaya platform in Siberia was finished in 1953). In the right part of the stamp there is a derrick and an oil pump. In the upper left corner of the stamp there is a Belaz-540 cargo lorry (shown being loaded); below - a tunnelling complex PK-8 for underground extraction of potassium salts.multicolor |
4.00 |
0.80 |